The following are examples of mistakes made through the omission of the preposition after certain words:
- Ask for a thing, not ask a thing
Ex: He came and asked for my book.
- Dispose of a thing, not dispose a thing
Ex: He will dispose of all his property.
- Dream of a thing, not dream a thing
Ex: Young men dream of glory.
- Explain to a person, not explain a person
Ex: She explained the matter to me.
- Knock at the door, not knock the door
Ex: Who is knocking at the door?
- Listen to a person or a thing, not listen a person or thing
Ex: They were listening to the music.
- Pay for a thing, not pay a thing
Ex: How much did you pay for the book?
- Point to or at a person or thing, not point a person or thing
Ex: He pointed to the map.
- Remind a person of something, not remind a person something
Ex: Please remind me of that later.
- Reply to a person, not reply a person
Ex: He has not replied to me yet.
- Say to a person, not say a person
Ex: He said to me,"Come tomorrow".
- Search for a lost thing, not search a lost thing
Ex: They are searching for the ball.
- Share with a person, not share a person
Ex: My friend shared his book with me.
- Speak to a person, not speak a person
Ex: I shall speak to him about that.
- Supply a person with something, not supply a person something
Ex: Can you supply me with all I need?
- Think of a person or thing, not think a person or thing
Ex: Think of a number and then double it.
- Wait for a person or a thing, not wait a person or thing
Ex: I shall wait for you at the cinema.
- Wish to a thing, not wish a thing
Ex: He desn't wish for any reward.
- Write to a person, not write a person
Ex: I shall write to him tomorrow.
Sunday, December 2, 2007
PASSIVE VOICE
Passive voice is a passive form sentence. There are some rules in passive voice :
- Only Verb 3 is usable.
- Subject changed into object, object changed into subject.
Pattern for passive voice:
1. Simple Present Tense
Active: S + V1/Vs/Ves + O
Passive: O + to be { is, am, are } + V3 + by S
Example:
She reads the novel. (active)
The novel is read by her. (passive)
2. Simple Past Tense
Active: S + V2 + O
Passive: O + to be { was, were} + V3 + by S
Example:
Alex gave me a special gift. (active)
A special gift was given to me by Alex. (passive)
3. Simple Future Tense and Modals
Active: S + will / modals + V1 + O
Passive: O + will / modals + be + V3 + by S
Example:
I will bring a bar of chocolate. (active)
A bar of chocolate will be brought by me. (passive)
4. Simple Present Continuous Tense
Active: S + to be {is, am, are} + Ving + O
Passive: O + to be {is, am, are} + being + V3 + by S
Example:
They are buying some books in the bookstore. (active)
Some books in th ebookstore are being bought by them. (passive)
This pattern is also for to be past {was, were -- > was, were being}
5. Simple Present Perfect Tense/ Simple Past Perfect Tense
Active: S + has/have {had for past perfect}+ V3 + O
Passive: O + has/have{had for past perfect} + been + V3 + by S
Example:
Mia has sung a beautiful song. (active)
A beautiful song has been sung by Mia. (passive)
For Simple Present Perfect Continuous Tense we only change the verb into V3.
Example:
She has been doing the homework. (active)
The homework has been done by her. (passive)
6. Simple Future Perfect Tense
Active: S + will/ modals + have + V3 + O
Passive: O + will/ modals + have + been + V3 + by S
Example:
Ryan will have a final test. )active)
A final test will have been had by Ryan. (passive)
- Only Verb 3 is usable.
- Subject changed into object, object changed into subject.
1. Simple Present Tense
Active: S + V1/Vs/Ves + O
Passive: O + to be { is, am, are } + V3 + by S
Example:
She reads the novel. (active)
The novel is read by her. (passive)
Active: S + V2 + O
Passive: O + to be { was, were} + V3 + by S
Example:
Alex gave me a special gift. (active)
A special gift was given to me by Alex. (passive)
Active: S + will / modals + V1 + O
Passive: O + will / modals + be + V3 + by S
Example:
I will bring a bar of chocolate. (active)
A bar of chocolate will be brought by me. (passive)
Active: S + to be {is, am, are} + Ving + O
Passive: O + to be {is, am, are} + being + V3 + by S
Example:
They are buying some books in the bookstore. (active)
Some books in th ebookstore are being bought by them. (passive)
This pattern is also for to be past {was, were -- > was, were being}
Active: S + has/have {had for past perfect}+ V3 + O
Passive: O + has/have{had for past perfect} + been + V3 + by S
Example:
Mia has sung a beautiful song. (active)
A beautiful song has been sung by Mia. (passive)
For Simple Present Perfect Continuous Tense we only change the verb into V3.
Example:
She has been doing the homework. (active)
The homework has been done by her. (passive)
Active: S + will/ modals + have + V3 + O
Passive: O + will/ modals + have + been + V3 + by S
Example:
Ryan will have a final test. )active)
A final test will have been had by Ryan. (passive)
Thursday, November 15, 2007
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Conditional sentence in Indonesian popular with kalimat pengandaian.
There are 3 types of conditional sentence:
TYPE 1
Pattern:
If + S + V1/Ves/Vs + O , S + {will, shall} + V1 + O
Example:
If I have much money, I will go to Mecca.
The fact: I'm still have no much money, but later maybe (possesibility happenened)
NOTE: - The first type use VERB 1.
- The sentence before comma is Present Tense, and the sentence after comma is future tense.
- The condition is possesibility happened.
TYPE 2
Pattern:
If + S + V2 + O, S {would, should} + V1 + O
Example:
If she went to Bali, she would buy some souvenirs for me.
The fact: She doesn't go to Bali, so she doesn't buy me any souvenirs.
She isn't in Bali now.
NOTE: - The second type use VERB 2.
- The sentence before comma is Past Tense, and the sentence after comma is future tense with past modals.
- The condition happened at present.
TYPE 3
Pattern:
If + S + V3 + O, S + {WOULD, SHOULD} + HAVE + V3 + O
Example:
If he had a new job in London, he would have bought a new house
The fact: He didn't get a new job in London, so he did't buy a new house.
NOTE: - The third type VERB 3.
- The sentence before comma is Present Perfect, and the sentence after comma is Past Perfect.
- The condition happened at the past.
All the sentence before comma can remove after comma and the opposite.
There are 3 types of conditional sentence:
Pattern:
If + S + V1/Ves/Vs + O , S + {will, shall} + V1 + O
Example:
If I have much money, I will go to Mecca.
The fact: I'm still have no much money, but later maybe (possesibility happenened)
NOTE: - The first type use VERB 1.
- The sentence before comma is Present Tense, and the sentence after comma is future tense.
- The condition is possesibility happened.
Pattern:
If + S + V2 + O, S {would, should} + V1 + O
Example:
If she went to Bali, she would buy some souvenirs for me.
The fact: She doesn't go to Bali, so she doesn't buy me any souvenirs.
She isn't in Bali now.
NOTE: - The second type use VERB 2.
- The sentence before comma is Past Tense, and the sentence after comma is future tense with past modals.
- The condition happened at present.
Pattern:
If + S + V3 + O, S + {WOULD, SHOULD} + HAVE + V3 + O
Example:
If he had a new job in London, he would have bought a new house
The fact: He didn't get a new job in London, so he did't buy a new house.
NOTE: - The third type VERB 3.
- The sentence before comma is Present Perfect, and the sentence after comma is Past Perfect.
- The condition happened at the past.
All the sentence before comma can remove after comma and the opposite.
Thursday, November 8, 2007
PROBLEM VERBS
Verbs lie/lay, rise/raise, and sit/set cause problems even for English speakers. The solution to the problem is to remember verbs are transitive (verbs that take a complement) and are intransitive (verbs that don't take a complement).
intransitive
rise rose risen rising
lie lay lain lying
sit sat sat sitting
transitive
raise raised raised raising
lay laid laid laying
set set set setting
RISE
This verbs means to get up, move up under one's power (without the help of someone else), increase. Notice that there is no complement.
Example: The sun rises early in the summer.
RAISE
The verb means to lift or elevate an object;or to increase something. It nust have a complement.
Example: The students raise their hands in class.
LIE
This verb means to rest or to be situated in a place. It is often used with the preposition down.
Example: The university lies in the western section of town.
LAY
This verb means to put somebody or something on a surface.
Example: Don't lay your clothes on the bed.
SIT
This verbs means to take a seat. It also often used with the preposition down.
Example: We are going to sit in the fifth row at the opera.
SET
This verb means to put somebody or something on a surface or in a place. It is often interchangeable with lay or put except in certain idiomatic expression like set the table.
Example: The girl helps her father set the table every night.
rise rose risen rising
lie lay lain lying
sit sat sat sitting
raise raised raised raising
lay laid laid laying
set set set setting
This verbs means to get up, move up under one's power (without the help of someone else), increase. Notice that there is no complement.
Example: The sun rises early in the summer.
The verb means to lift or elevate an object;or to increase something. It nust have a complement.
Example: The students raise their hands in class.
This verb means to rest or to be situated in a place. It is often used with the preposition down.
Example: The university lies in the western section of town.
This verb means to put somebody or something on a surface.
Example: Don't lay your clothes on the bed.
This verbs means to take a seat. It also often used with the preposition down.
Example: We are going to sit in the fifth row at the opera.
This verb means to put somebody or something on a surface or in a place. It is often interchangeable with lay or put except in certain idiomatic expression like set the table.
Example: The girl helps her father set the table every night.
Magic Words In UK
There are some words that very popular in UK, it's like slang. Just check them out:
Went all pear-shaped: many things went wrong on their trip.
Subway in London : the Tube
Bob's your uncle: then he'll be finished.
Hank Marvin: hungry.
Smashing: dirty.
Chips: french fries.
All over the shop: disorganized.
Having a bubble bath: the movie is very funny.
Keep your hair on: stay calm.
Apple and pears: stairs.
What's in the news: ask about th enews.
Broadband: very fast internet access.
Hard drive: the place where software and files are stored.
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